Kerala has issued comprehensive guidelines for amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rare and deadly infection of the brain. These guidelines cover prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Due to limited research on the disease, the state developed them based on existing scientific knowledge and observations. This is the first-ever such guideline in India.

The disease is caused by the Naegleria fowleri amoeba, which enters the brain through the nose or a perforated eardrum.  Stagnant or flowing water sources can harbor these amoeba.  It is a disease with a mortality rate of over 97%.

The disease is not contagious. Symptoms typically appear within 1-9 days of infection and include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness. In advanced stages, seizures, fainting, and memory loss might occur.  Individuals experiencing these symptoms after exposure to stagnant water should seek immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis involves analyzing spinal fluid, often confirmed by a PCR test. Treatment involves a combination of five medications effective against the amoeba. Early treatment is crucial for improving the chances of recovery.

Preventive Measures:

Avoid swimming or diving in stagnant or unclean freshwater sources, especially for children with ear infections.
Ensure proper chlorination in swimming pools and water parks.
Avoid forceful nasal irrigation (pouring water into the nose).
Consider using a nose clip while swimming in freshwater.

For comprehensive guidelines: click here